TOEFL

Final assignment toefl

By                                 : Mely Desinta Komalasari

.              SKILL 1

SUBJECT AND VERBS

You know that a sentence in english should have a subject and a verb

Example :

Newspapers _______ every morning and every evening.

a.                  Delivery

b.                  Are delivered

c.                   On time

d.                  Regulary

Look there the sentece has a subject “newspapers” but that there is no verb, and you look “newspapers” is plural, so the best answer (B) are delivered because a sentence in english must have at least one subject and one verb.

·                     SKILL 2

OBJECT OF PREPOSITIONS

Prepositions are words which begin phrases, a prepositionsal phrases is a group of words containing a prepositions.  A naoun or pronoun object of prepositions.  That site in front of (is prepositions before) its object.

The following word are the most commonly used prepositions:

At                                             About

Of                                            Above

To                                            Among

By                                            Below

Behind                         Between, etc.

Example:

The name of the baby in the crib is Jack.

       S                object                      S.                                          V 

                        Of prepositions

              Preposition

·                     SKILL 3

PRESENT PARTICIPLES

To tell the action that happen at now.  Present participles have two functions.

Pattern : Verb + Ing

1. First function such a verbs

example :  She is eating her breakfast now.

                      S    to be   v+ing

If the noun is a verb, must accept helping verb (are, am, is).

2. second function such  a adjective.

example : The girl wearing a red shirt is my aunt.          

                          S       adjective                     V --> to be yang menjadi verb

Adjective it doesn't mean always to explain what at the front sentences like a noun, but adjective explained also behind.

example : Freezing rain.

                    explain the rain

·                     SKILL 4

PAST PARTICIPLES

That is a verb III, past participles is a mean passive and show past time.

Past participles have two functions :

1. as a verbs

example : The mailman has left a letter in the mailbox.

                            S              to be   v3

If the noun is a verb must accept helping verb (are,  am, is).

2. as a adjectve

example : The letter left in the mailbox was for me.

                          S        adjective                          V

Adjective explain the word of the front.

The following word are the most commonly used :

Infinitive	Past tense	Past participle	Makna
Awake be (are,  am, is) Become etc.	Awoke Was, Were Became	Awoked Been Become	Bangun Menjadi

·                     SKILL 5

COORDINATE CONNECTORS

One way to connect two clauses is to use ; and, but, or, so between the clauses.  Consist of two clauses that is dipendent clause and independent clause.  the sentences must have comma before and after coordinate connectors must have subcject abd verbs.  this connectors only used in the middle of a sentences.

PATTERN :

S +  V + comma (,) + coordinate connectors + V + S

example :

The material has been cut, and the pieces have been sewn together .

       S           V          Connectors       S                 V

·                     SKILL 6

ADVERB CONNECTORS

In the sentence consist of two clauses,

example :

He is tired because he has been working hard.

In there sentences have two caluses : he is tired and he has been working hard.

The two clauses or sentences need adverb connectors, and connectors right is because.

* He is tired because he has been working hard.

PATTERN

1. S + V + (Adverb Connectors) + S + V

2. (Adverb Connectors) + S + V + comma + S + V

If the connectors be the middle, it is do not have to use comma but if the connectors at the begining of a sentences must using comma in the middle of a sentences.

Adverb of time and Cause connectors

Time	Cause	Conditions	Contrast
After As Before When since, etc.	Because	If Wether	Although Eventhough Though While, etc.

·         SKILL 7

NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS

• * what, when, where, why, how after this connectors must Subject and Verb.

• * whether, if, after this connector also must have subject and verb.

• * that for this connectors you can use or without Subject.

A noun clause is a clause that functions as a noun.  And except Who don't include to noun connectors.

PATTERN :

S + Verb + noun clause connectors + S + Verb

example :

It is unfortunate that the meal is not ready yet.

S  V                connectors     S        V

·         SKILL 8

NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS/SUBJECTS

A noun clause connectors can also be the subject of the clause at the same time.

Noun clause connectors/subject :

* Who

Must don't use Subject.

* What

To this connectors you can used Subject + Verbs after or only used Verb without Subject.

* Which

Only use Verb after these connectors.

PATTERN :

S + Verb + Noun Clause Connectors/Subjects + ♡

Example :

The teacher heard who answered the question.

        S                 V    connectors    V

There are two clauses :

 The teacher heard and who answered the question, these two clauses are joined by the connectirs WHO.  It importamt to understand that in thia sentente the wird WHO have two functions.  Ut is both the subject.

·         SKILL 9

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES CONNECTORS

An adjective clause describe a noun.

The sentence patterns used with them :

* Whom (for people)

* Which (for things)

* That (fof people or things)

PATTERN :

* S + Verb + Adjective clause connectors + S + Verb

* S + Adjective cluse connectors + S + Verb + Verb

Example :

I did not believe the story that he told me.

S           V            adjc conj   S   V

·         SKILL 10

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTORS/SUBJECTS

Adjective clause connectors can also be tge subject of the clauase at the same time.

The sentence patterns used with them :

* Whom (for people)

To this connectors do not use Subject.

* Which (for things)

In this connectors you can use double Subject.

* That (for people or things)

Use Subject or without Subject.

PATTERN :

* S + Verb + Adjective clause connectors + Verb

* S + Adjective clause connectors + Verb + Verb

Example :

The children that were vaccinated did not get sick.

S(main idea) adj clause     V       V ( verb from the first sentence)

Nah itu dia diatas sedikit berabagi ilmu tentang grammar.  Semoga bermanfaat ya.  Dulu yang jadi dosen di mata kuliah TOEFL ini killer banget, tapi jadi rajin ngerjain tugas karena takut.  Padahal ada bagusnya juga ada dosen kaya beliau Mrs. Yuke, tegas dan bijak banget pas lagi ngajar.  Sampai ada beberapa hal yang di inget yang salah satunya adalah tugas ini. Disuruh ngerangkum seabreg tapi ga sia-sia sih, ada beberapa juga yang nyangkut di otak, hehe.